5.2 Igneous Rocks (pg. 140)


Vocabulary


Extrusive Rock: An igneous rock that is created when lava erupts on the surface of earth.
Intrusive Rock: An igneous rock that is created from hardened magma below the surface of earth.
Porphyritic Texture: The texture of an igneous rock, where big crystals are spread behind much smaller crystals.

Outline


Characteristics of Igneous Rock

  • Igneous rock forms from lava or magma
    • Most igneous rocks are made of mineral crystals
Origin
  • Igneous rocks are classified according to where they formed
  • Extrusive: lava on earth's surface
  • Intrusive: magma below earth's surface
Texture
  • Fast-cooling creates fine grained rocks
  • Porphyritc forms when first magma cools slowly, then remaining magma cools fast
Mineral Composition
  • Lava high in silica makes light colored rocks (granite)
  • Lava low in silica makes dark-colored rocks (basalt)
  • Color varies on mineral amounts

Uses of Igneous Rocks

  • Many Igneous rocks are hard, dense, and durable
  • Granite has long history as building material
    • Many different countries and states used it for different things
  • other igneous rocks also have important uses


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